We've always argued that the most secure password is one you don't even know, and is basically incomprehensible. Security expert Thomas Baekdal argues that these incomprehensible passwords—while secure—are not as secure as a more memorable and simple phrase. In other words, this is fun is a more secure password than s$yK0d*p!r3l09ls. Here's why.

The Only Secure Password Is the One You Can’t Remember

Let’s assume you log onto a bunch of different websites; Facebook, Gmail, eBay, PayPal, probably…

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Baekdal outlines that using the three most common methods of cracking passwords—brute-force, common word, and dictionary attacks—are really only useful if a password can be cracked in a reasonable amount of time. If a password can be cracked in a few minutes, it's not a terribly secure password. If it can be cracked in about a month, that's still awhile but not entirely secure. A year is where you can start feeling secure, but the best passwords take a lifetime to crack. Baekdal states that a gibberish password, like J4fS<2, will take about 219 years to crack using a brute-force attack (the fastest method). That's secure for life, but it's not terribly easy to remember. On the other hand, a phrase like 'this is fun' would take about 2,537 years to crack using a brute-force attack. It's not only more secure, but also easier to remember.

This happens because of the spaces, which are special characters (you could use - or ! instead of spaces, if you wanted to). Uncommon words also increase the complexity, so if you want your password to outlive the human race you could use something like fluffy is puffy.

Baekdal's article spurred a lot of debate and plenty of questions, many of which he's answered. While you are certainly more secure if nobody—not even you—know your passwords, you still need a master password that you have to remember. If you want a password that's remarkably easy to remember, this is a great way to get one.

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The Usibility of Passwords Baekdal

Jeffrey Pflaum – Picture this: I’m a language arts cluster teacher heading to an unmotivated 2nd grade class and thinking about how I can inspire kids, at a creative age, to enjoy words in a fresh, innovative, and thoughtful way. The TV game show, “Password,” comes to mind because I had already played it with upper elementary school students. “But,” I think to myself, “can 7-year olds play this word association game? Wouldn’t it be too difficult for them to handle?”

If you remember, Password was a simple word association game that kept viewers watching for years: Two 2-player teams competed to guess the “password” by giving single-word clues to their partners. For instance, if the password is cry, single-word clues such as “sad,” “unhappy,” and/or “tears,” might be used to trigger it. And that’s, basically, the strategy of the game: give word clues to your partner so he can guess the correct password—and, ding, ding, you win.

Now, back to that 2nd grade class: I walk inside, and off the top of my head, ask the kids, without knowing how they might respond:

“Do words live alone or in groups?”
“What are the lives of words like?”
“Do they live all by themselves?”
“Do they live lonely lives with no one to play with?”

Silence fills the room. Wondering eyes look around. I read the children’s thoughts: “Does anyone know what the crazy teacher is talking about? Words have lives? I don’t understand.”

Okay, I don’t expect the students to really understand what I am doing, because I am not sure either. I just want to get their attention with something that sounds silly. And yes, the absurd and all things ridiculous will wake up younger children—and older kids as well.

Introducing simple association word play with younger children

I begin a little experiment with an easier and do-able question: “When you read, think, hear, or imagine the word beach, what words come to mind? Hands are raised immediately with their responses: “Sand,” “ocean,” “summer,” “hot,” “swimming,” “fun,” “playing,” “sun,” “waves,” “people,” “vacation.” And so we start our journey into word association and a first step to playing the old TV game show of Password.

To the class: “Let’s try another word. How about the word sleep? What words come to mind after you heard this word? What words does sleep trigger in your head? What do you think if you hear the word sleep?” Some hypothetical responses might be: “bed,” “peace,” “tired,” “relaxed,” “quiet,” “dark,” “pillow,” “dream,” “night,” “moon,” and “stars.”

We practice a few other examples and then I stop to sum things up: “Can you answer my earlier question? Do words live alone or in groups?” And the response I’m looking for is, of course, “Words live in groups. Words are connected to other words in your mind and imagination.”

To the class: “Usually, if you think of, read, say, hear, or imagine a word, other words will
come to mind that are connected to the word.”

Boosting students’ motivation

To the class: “Listen to the following words I call out and tell me the words that come to mind after you hear them: ‘Fast’? (Students respond) ‘Lost’? (Students respond) ‘Sing?’ (Students respond) ‘Yellow’? (Students respond).” Lots of hands go up and words start flying all over the place, as the children—and I—enjoy the swirl of words circling round the classroom. With this introduction, kids in second grade begin to realize that “words live in clusters or groups” and not “all alone by themselves”: they are connected to each other.

Students appreciate the word-association practice that enriches and expands vocabulary and their ability to think-under-pressure. But this triggering of words will eventually morph into Password, where the class will be divided into teams trying to guess the password to win the game, and also, play the bonus “lightning round” to increase their point total.

Practice rounds playing password with entire class

Before getting into the actual game of Password, I narrow down the prior word association practice by calling out single-word clues, one-at-a-time, to the whole class, hoping that students will guess the password I wrote down on paper.

To the class: “Now we’re going to play the game of Password together. Listen carefully as I explain how the game is played. I will write down a password for you to guess. Single word clues will be given to you to guess the password. You will get 1 single-word clue at a time. When I say the word-clue, raise your hand if you think you know the connected word or password. See if you can figure out the password through my clue words.”

“For example, if I say the clue word, ‘drive,’ you have to try to guess the password from it. What word does ‘drive’ make you think of? If you can’t figure it out, I’ll give another clue word like: ‘wheels.’ If no one guesses it with the first two clue words, I will give you a third clue word: ‘brakes.’ Can anyone guess the password now?”

If there are still no correct answers, I’ll give another clue word, for example, “passengers,” and so on until one student guesses the password (answer: car).

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To the class: “When we start playing Password, this is the same thing you will do when you play the game with your partners on 2-player teams.”

Please note: Similar to the introduction for word-association, run through several practice rounds of “Password with the entire class” until the kids know how the game is played. To keep things simple, I’m not getting into all the rules involved. I have included websites in the “References and Resources” section where procedures and rules for Password can be found. Check out the YouTube game shows to help you understand the game if unfamiliar with it.

Instructions for Password

Please note: Following the preliminary introductory activities, I talk about and describe the game of Password. As I think about it now, with computers and the Internet available in classrooms, you can show students old TV Password shows to supplement your description. 2nd grade kids should get a feel for the game (even though passwords might be too hard).

To the class: “We’re going to practice playing Password. I will hold out a password for you to see. The password must be guessed correctly by either of the two 2-player teams. The whole class will see the password, except the two players guessing at it.”

“One player, the giver, gives single-word clues and the other player, his partner, the guesser, guesses at it. The guessers from each team may use the opposing player’s ‘clues’ to figure out the game’s password. Each guess is worth 1 point, starting with 10 points and going down to 1. The faster you get the password, the more points you receive. 21 points wins the game and there are a total of 5 passwords used to get this grand total. If no team has 21 points after 5 passwords, the team with the highest point total wins.”

Please note: These verbal instructions are a lot for 7-year old kids to take in at once; however, as you practice the game with them, and repeat the directions, and also, view the old YouTube TV shows, they will figure out how to play Password. At the time I began playing Password, I did not present YouTube shows because the kids picked up the game and its rules quickly—surprise, surprise!

“Lightning Round” goes to winners of game

To the class: “The winning team that first scores 21 points plays a “lightning round”: 10 passwords are given with 1-word clues and the guesser tries to figure out each. But the giver may give more than one single-word clue at a time until the password is guessed. The giver keeps going down the list of 10 lightning round words and tries, with his clues, to push or prompt the guesser to figure out all, or as many of the 10 words as possible, to get the most points. The time limit for the lightning round is 2 minutes.”

Please note: The teacher times the lightning round with a digital watch or a stopwatch. To get the total points for the winning Password team, add up the points from the 21-point game plus the points received in the lightning round.

You should practice the lightning round with the entire class. Make up a list of 10 lightning round words and start calling out single word clues so the kids can guess the passwords. Students cannot call out answers. They raise their hands as the teacher tries to go through the 10, or most of the 10 words, in the 2-minute time limit. Each correctly guessed password is worth 1 point, so a perfect score in the lightning round would be 10 points.

Note: If the lightning round with 10 passwords proves too difficult for your class, reduce the number of passwords to 5; or, skip it altogether and play Password with two 2-player teams. The team with the high score after 5 passwords wins (remember, 21 wins). Also, the teacher assignment for the Password activities is to make up many passwords and lightning rounds with 10 passwords each. This is a great way to expand kids’ vocabulary and build a love of words.

Sample Lightning Round List of Words for 7-Year Olds

While reading through the following list, see what single word clues you would come up with for the 10 passwords. Ask yourself, “What are the best ‘trigger words’ for the 10 words on the list?” Keep in mind that, as the giver, you’re trying to find the (best) clue that will get the guesser to the password fastest (for the most points).

A sample lightning round list of words for use with a 2nd grade class looks like this:

(1) scared
(2) giant
(3) tired
(4) whisper
(5) noisy
(6) rich
(7) smart
(8) game
(9) sad
(10) bird

You can choose words from the class’s reading, vocabulary, spelling, social studies, science,
math, art, and/or gym words, or, you can make up word lists from a dictionary and/or a thesaurus especially for your Password games.

The instructions for how-to play Password and the accompanying lightning round will probably confuse most second grade children, and even older kids, which is okay. Again, once you set up a few practice games, with two 2-player teams, a moderator (who gives the password), and a scorekeeper, and then play several practice rounds, the children will gradually begin to follow how the game and the lightning round work.

Note: Go to the “Resources and References” section, where I included websites that have the rules and regulations of Password. There will also be YouTube showings of Password played by celebrities and other personalities on the old TV game show.

When you have a chance to review the various YouTube shows, let the class see, firsthand, how the game is played (teacher can add explanations when necessary as the show proceeds). This will reinforce the complicated verbal instructions given to the class, and, once you go through a bunch of practice games, along with the lightning round, the kids will grasp how to play.

Sample Password Game (Hypothetical)

Let’s take a hypothetical look at a few different rounds of Password and how these games play
out. I think it’s important to say that, by this point, with the background practice lessons in guessing the word—Password practice—the kids will have a fairly good sense of how-to-play-the-game.

Note: Each round will start with the MC or moderator revealing the PASSWORD to the whole class, except the two guessers. Let’s call the two teams the “Sparks” and the “Cardinals.” The player from the Sparks who gives the single word clues is called Giver #1, while Giver #2 is from the Cardinals. Guesser #1 will take clues from Giver #1, while Guesser #2 takes clues from Giver #2. Presenting the best possible clues to the guessers is crucial to winning the game. However, it is important that the guesser, if the password proves difficult, should combine the previous clue words to come up with the correct password answer.

GAME ONE:

To the class, the moderator holds up the PASSWORD written on paper big enough for the entire class to view and says: “The password is brain.”

ROUND 1

Moderator: “10 points to the Sparks…”
SPARKS/Giver #1: “Think…”
SPARKS/Guesser #1: “Thought?”

ROUND 2

Moderator: “9 points to the Cardinals…”
CARDINALS/Giver #2: “Smart…”
CARDINALS/Guesser #2: “Dumb?”

ROUND 3

Moderator: “8 points to the Sparks…”
SPARKS/Giver #1: “Head…”
SPARKS/Guesser #1: “Face?”

ROUND 4

Moderator: “7 points to the Cardinals…”
CARDINALS/Giver #2: “Inside…”
CARDINALS/Guesser #2: “Mind?”

ROUND 5
Moderator: “6 points to the Sparks…”
SPARKS/Giver #1: “Bird…”
SPARKS/Guesser #1: “Brain?”

APPLAUSE! APPLAUSE!

Moderator: “The password is ‘brain,’ correct. The
Sparks now have 6 points for winning the first game.”

Notes on the word-associations:

• Round 1’s clue word shows part of the brain’s function, but the guesser went with the product of “think,” which is “thought.”

• Round #2’s clue word relates a quality of a sharp brain, that is, “smart,” but the guesser (#2) gives the antonym, “dumb.” He forgot to connect the first clue, “think,” with “smart,” to possibly get “brain.” (?)

• In Round #3, the Sparks giver goes for location of the brain, “head,” and gets part of the head, “face.”

• Round #4 takes off from “head” and giver #2 uses the clue, “inside,” that is, where the word (brain) is located. Response is very close with the word “mind,” but no gold ring yet. Guesser #2 is on the right track.

• In Round 5, giver #1 goes for the phrase “bird brain” in giving the clue word, “bird,” and guesser #1 guesses right for 6 points. (Not too sure a 7-year old would come up with the clue, “bird,” to get at “brain.” I’m showing how a giver might think outside the box to get the guesser to realize the password.)

• There will be 4 more passwords for the teams solve. If neither team accumulates 21 points, the team with the greatest number of points wins that round.

The key to solving the password is using all the single-word clues given and putting the connections together mentally to figure it out. To have a guesser solve the password, givers may use synonyms and antonyms; however, they can’t use, for example, the word, “mud,” to trigger the word, “muddy.” You cannot use a clue word that has part of the password in it such as “mud” for “muddy.” You forfeit the points to the opposing team from that particular round. Sometimes, the givers, unawares, blurt out the actual password by mistake; nevertheless, they still lose the points from the round.

Dividing class/students into different teams

• As a cluster teacher coming into the room for 45 minutes, I did not have the time to set up teams. What I did was simply divide the class in half—two clubs—and from there I created 2-player teams within each group of, let’s say, 16 kids. Each club had 8 teams
with 2-players each. (Note: On second thought, divide class into teams prior to introducing the game and playing.)
• I tried to “match-up” each team equitably, keeping the 2-player teams balanced in abilities so there wouldn’t be any great mismatches. Once the players were paired up on the different teams, I started a tournament that ran out when every team had a chance to play at least one round of Password.

• With 16 players per club, and eight 2-player teams, you can play one, two, or three rounds before you switch things up (change the 2-player teams). Keep the point totals for each team on a chart called the ”PASSWORD ALL-STARS”: yes, the standings between the two clubs make the games exciting, intense, and competitive, even in the second grade.

• If you don’t want 2 big clubs of 16 players each, break up the kids into 4 groups/teams
of 8 players each, with four 2-player teams (4 teams with 2 players @). You have a 4-
club league with teams consisting of 8 players/four 2-player teams.

• You can play a single elimination tournament with sixteen 2-player teams all vying
against each other. The two teams still standing at the end of the tourney play each other in a championship round that includes a lightning round.

There are many ways to break up your class and for how long you will run a particular tourney. The 2-player teams you create will make or break the fun and challenging part of the Password competition. Your selection of words for the various games becomes crucial to its success. Some words may seem easy to guess, but one errant clue can take teams on wild goose chases, preventing them from finding the password.

Educational benefits of playing Password with young and older children

• Motivational activity to help kids enjoy and understand words, reading, and writing.
• Students realize that words live together with other words in groups.
• Expands and enriches children’s vocabulary and will improve spelling.
• Using synonyms, antonyms, and a thesaurus comes naturally/organically from game.
• Kids learn to think under pressure: to come up with answers in stressful situations.
• Word-association, or connecting words-with-each-other, is a helpful tool for writing.
• Words become more than just black-on-white; they’re seen as multi-dimensional.
• Practicing Password helps students with their critical and creative thinking skills.
• Playing as a team with another classmate helps to develop communication skills.

Although I haven’t gotten into it, playing Password with second grade kids was a serious, illuminating, creative, challenging, and fun experience. The engagement was of epic proportions, in fact, I never saw such emotion and enthusiasm for playing a TV game show. The second graders were able to hold their own playing an adult game. Password can be played from the early elementary school grades through high school and is an example of education connecting with entertainment, what some people today call “edutainment…” By forming fair teams, and setting up tournaments of all sorts with the game results added to THE PASSWORD ALL-STARS SCORECARD (large oak-tag chart), you will create an exciting game-and-learning atmosphere for the entire school year. Children will not get enough of Password. Playing the game will become a valuable downtime “edutainment” activity.

Resources and references for Password

For the rules and procedures of Password, check out this link:

• http://www.peepstalk.com/PasswordRules.html

For Reruns of the old Password TV shows, go to these sites/links:

• https://youtube.com/watch?v=5HGyUhRGeuM&Index=70&list=PLD08F66DFAEB1464E (On this site, be sure to check the game, “THE ODD COUPLE-Password,” between Oscar and Felix from the TV sit-com, “The Odd Couple,” one of the funniest renditions of Password ever.)

• http://www.retrogameshows.com/passwordplus.html

Final Notes: By watching and reviewing these old Password shows, you and your students will understand how the game is played, and how players use the different single-word clues to their advantage to guess the password. Before introducing the actual game of Password, teachers should practice the various word-association activities presented here, and then move on to “Whole-Class-Password,” and lastly, practicing rounds of 2-player teams playing Password games. Once, when you have created 2-player teams for the entire class, you can start tourneys and place the results of the games on a large piece of oak-tag paper so kids can follow the results.

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